Passengers on the Minna departing from Bremen, arriving 18 July 1854 in New York
Remember, many manifests give the country of origin but not the town, so obviously those entries cannot appear on this page. Some don’t even name the country. To see the passenger list images, go to https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7488 (Ancestry.com susbscription required) and find Browse this collection, enter the date of arrival and select the ship from the list of that day’s arrivals. You may find family members traveling together.




ADERHOLD, GEORG was from Germany, age 24, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for GEORG ADERHOLD. [$]
ALMIZELDER, ROB. was from Germany, age 22, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for ROB. ALMIZELDER. [$]
ATTNEL, J.G. was from Germany, age 19, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for J.G. ATTNEL. [$]
AURENDE, FRANZ was from Germany, age 34, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for FRANZ AURENDE. [$]
AURENDE, HENRICH was from Germany, age 21, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for HENRICH AURENDE. [$]
AURENDE, MIARGARETHE was from Germany, age 24, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for MIARGARETHE AURENDE. [$]
BALLER, OTTO was from Germany, age 25, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for OTTO BALLER. [$]
BASMANH, JOHE.GEORG was from Germany, age 32, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for JOHE.GEORG BASMANH. [$]
BAUER, HEINRICH was from Germany, age 20, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for HEINRICH BAUER. [$]
BETZ, ANNA was from Germany, age 29, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for ANNA BETZ. [$]
BETZ, FRITZ was from Germany, age 6, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for FRITZ BETZ. [$]
BETZ, JOSEPH was from Germany, age 19, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for JOSEPH BETZ. [$]
BETZ, MICHAEL was from Germany, age 40, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for MICHAEL BETZ. [$]
BETZ, THEOBALD was from Germany, age 8, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for THEOBALD BETZ. [$]
BOHEM, DAVID was from Germany, age 33, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for DAVID BOHEM. [$]
BRUCKER, WILHE. was from Germany, age 20, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for WILHE. BRUCKER. [$]
BRUINGES, HEIHRICH was from Germany, age 42, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for HEIHRICH BRUINGES. [$]
DAUSER, VICTORIA was from Germany, age 25, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for VICTORIA DAUSER. [$]
DEGENER, JOHANN was from Germany, age 34, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for JOHANN DEGENER. [$]
DIEGLER, MICHAEL was from Germany, age 25, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for MICHAEL DIEGLER. [$]
EIELE, ANT. was from Germany, age 54, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for ANT. EIELE. [$]
EIELE, ANTONE was from Germany, age arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for ANTONE EIELE. [$]
EIELE, JOSEPHE was from Germany, age 39, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for JOSEPHE EIELE. [$]
ENGELEIS, EVA was from Germany, age 23, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for EVA ENGELEIS. [$]
ENGELHARD, LUOWHG was from Germany, age 28, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for LUOWHG ENGELHARD. [$]
FACK, FRIOR. was from Germany, age 37, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for FRIOR. FACK. [$]
FISCHER, ELIZE was from Germany, age 22, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for ELIZE FISCHER. [$]
FISCHER, GUST. was from Germany, age 31, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for GUST. FISCHER. [$]
FLACHE, CATHARINE was from Germany, age 25, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for CATHARINE FLACHE. [$]
FLACHE, JOSEPHE was from Germany, age 27, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for JOSEPHE FLACHE. [$]
FRIDRICH, LUDWIG was from Germany, age 24, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for LUDWIG FRIDRICH. [$]
FRIZ, CHRIST. was from Germany, age 31, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for CHRIST. FRIZ. [$]
FUCHS, JOS. was from Germany, age 24, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for JOS. FUCHS. [$]
FUCHS, WILHELMINE was from Germany, age 24, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for WILHELMINE FUCHS. [$]
GAUZER, ROBERT was from Germany, age 36, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for ROBERT GAUZER. [$]
GROSS, E.A. was from Germany, age 28, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for E.A. GROSS. [$]
GROSS, JOSEPH was from Germany, age 34, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for JOSEPH GROSS. [$]
HARPE, ALEX was from Germany, age 31, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for ALEX HARPE. [$]
HARPE, DORETTE was from Germany, age 6, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for DORETTE HARPE. [$]
HARPE, JOHANNE was from Germany, age 20, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for JOHANNE HARPE. [$]
HARPE, JOHANNE was from Germany, age 21, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for JOHANNE HARPE. [$]
HARPE, NATAN was from Germany, age arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for NATAN HARPE. [$]
HARPE, WOLFGANG was from Germany, age 21, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for WOLFGANG HARPE. [$]
HARTMANN, JACOB was from Germany, age 21, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for JACOB HARTMANN. [$]
HESSELLEART, FRANZ was from Germany, age 20, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for FRANZ HESSELLEART. [$]
HOEFER, ELISA was from Germany, age 54, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for ELISA HOEFER. [$]
HOEKEL, ANNA was from Germany, age 22, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for ANNA HOEKEL. [$]
HOEKEL, EDOUARD was from Germany, age 6, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for EDOUARD HOEKEL. [$]
HOEKEL, JOHANNE was from Germany, age 32, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for JOHANNE HOEKEL. [$]
HOEKEL, RICHO. was from Germany, age 43, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for RICHO. HOEKEL. [$]
HOFFMANN, CARL was from Germany, age 33, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for CARL HOFFMANN. [$]
HOFFMANN, FRIDRIKE was from Germany, age 31, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for FRIDRIKE HOFFMANN. [$]
HOFFMANN, MARIA was from Germany, age 66, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for MARIA HOFFMANN. [$]
HOFFMANN, WILHE. was from Germany, age 24, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for WILHE. HOFFMANN. [$]
JUNGHUNZ, ALOEX was from Germany, age 24, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for ALOEX JUNGHUNZ. [$]
KEPLER, CARL was from Germany, age 26, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for CARL KEPLER. [$]
KICHENE, RICHD. was from Germany, age 21, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for RICHD. KICHENE. [$]
KLEIMPOHUL, F. was from Germany, age 30, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for F. KLEIMPOHUL. [$]
KLEIN, HEIHRICH-F. was from Germany, age 19, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for HEIHRICH-F. KLEIN. [$]
KNAUFF, HEINRICH was from Germany, age 19, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for HEINRICH KNAUFF. [$]
KOENIG, F.LUDW. was from Germany, age 29, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for F.LUDW. KOENIG. [$]
KREISE, JOSEPH was from Germany, age 24, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for JOSEPH KREISE. [$]
KREISE, VERONICA was from Germany, age 19, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for VERONICA KREISE. [$]
KUEFER, CAROLINE was from Germany, age 17, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for CAROLINE KUEFER. [$]
LAUDER, CARL was from Germany, age 18, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for CARL LAUDER. [$]
LAUZ, JOS. was from Germany, age 17, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for JOS. LAUZ. [$]
LECHLER, JON. was from Germany, age 33, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for JON. LECHLER. [$]
MEYER, FRID. was from Germany, age 16, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for FRID. MEYER. [$]
MEYER, ISIOR. was from Germany, age 18, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for ISIOR. MEYER. [$]
MIERKEL, M.BARBARA was from Germany, age 34, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for M.BARBARA MIERKEL. [$]
NEUMANN, BARBARA was from Germany, age 26, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for BARBARA NEUMANN. [$]
RAECHNER, AUGUST was from Germany, age 27, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for AUGUST RAECHNER. [$]
RAECHNER, CARL was from Germany, age 59, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for CARL RAECHNER. [$]
RAECHNER, CAROLINE was from Germany, age 21, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for CAROLINE RAECHNER. [$]
RAECHNER, CAROLINE was from Germany, age 48, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for CAROLINE RAECHNER. [$]
RAECHNER, EMMA was from Germany, age 28, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for EMMA RAECHNER. [$]
RAECHNER, GOTTLIEB was from Germany, age 59, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for GOTTLIEB RAECHNER. [$]
RAECHNER, JOSEPH was from Germany, age 7, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for JOSEPH RAECHNER. [$]
RAECHNER, MARTHA was from Germany, age arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for MARTHA RAECHNER. [$]
RAECHNER, WILHELMINE was from Germany, age 24, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for WILHELMINE RAECHNER. [$]
RASEMEYER, JACOB was from Germany, age 21, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for JACOB RASEMEYER. [$]
RASEMEYER, WME. was from Germany, age 18, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for WME. RASEMEYER. [$]
RAW, ROSINE was from Germany, age 25, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for ROSINE RAW. [$]
RITTER, RUDOLF was from Germany, age 26, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for RUDOLF RITTER. [$]
ROSS, ANNA was from Germany, age 6, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for ANNA ROSS. [$]
ROSS, JON. was from Germany, age 23, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for JON. ROSS. [$]
ROSS, JOSEPH was from Germany, age 21, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for JOSEPH ROSS. [$]
ROSS, JOSEPHINE was from Germany, age 21, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for JOSEPHINE ROSS. [$]
RUMPELE, EDMUND was from Germany, age 9, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for EDMUND RUMPELE. [$]
RUMPELE, FRIOR. was from Germany, age 32, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for FRIOR. RUMPELE. [$]
RUMPELE, JOHANA was from Germany, age arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for JOHANA RUMPELE. [$]
RUMPELE, MARIA was from Germany, age 29, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for MARIA RUMPELE. [$]
RUNGE, FRIDRIKE was from Germany, age 20, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for FRIDRIKE RUNGE. [$]
RUNGE, JONAH was from Germany, age 25, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for JONAH RUNGE. [$]
RUPP, FRIDRICH was from Germany, age 27, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for FRIDRICH RUPP. [$]
RUPP, JONAN was from Germany, age 26, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for JONAN RUPP. [$]
SAMMETHE, HEIHRICH was from Germany, age 18, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for HEIHRICH SAMMETHE. [$]
SANHEMANN, AUGUSTE was from Germany, age 29, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for AUGUSTE SANHEMANN. [$]
SANHEMANN, CHRIST. was from Germany, age 29, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for CHRIST. SANHEMANN. [$]
SARGE, OSCAR was from Germany, age 25, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for OSCAR SARGE. [$]
SAUTER, ANNA was from Germany, age 25, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for ANNA SAUTER. [$]
SCHHEIBER, GEORG was from Germany, age 27, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for GEORG SCHHEIBER. [$]
SCHILLER, FRIORIKE was from Germany, age 34, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for FRIORIKE SCHILLER. [$]
SCHLECHT, JON. was from Germany, age 20, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for JON. SCHLECHT. [$]
SCHLIESSER, CHRISTIANA was from Germany, age 9, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for CHRISTIANA SCHLIESSER. [$]
SCHLIESSER, FRIORIKE was from Germany, age 9, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for FRIORIKE SCHLIESSER. [$]
SCHLIESSER, JOHANN was from Germany, age 36, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for JOHANN SCHLIESSER. [$]
SCHLIESSER, WILHELM was from Germany, age 56, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for WILHELM SCHLIESSER. [$]
SCHOEBERLEIN, MARIA was from Germany, age 25, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for MARIA SCHOEBERLEIN. [$]
SCHRODER, HEINRICH was from Germany, age 24, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for HEINRICH SCHRODER. [$]
SCHROEDER, CHRIST. was from Germany, age 56, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for CHRIST. SCHROEDER. [$]
SCHROEDER, JOSEPH was from Germany, age 14, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for JOSEPH SCHROEDER. [$]
SCHROEDER, MARIA was from Germany, age 10, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for MARIA SCHROEDER. [$]
SCHULTHEISS, MIAGAR. was from Germany, age 17, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for MIAGAR. SCHULTHEISS. [$]
SCHWIHDLER, PAUL was from Germany, age 39, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for PAUL SCHWIHDLER. [$]
STEDLER, GEORG was from Germany, age 27, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for GEORG STEDLER. [$]
STROBEL, ELISA was from Germany, age 23, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for ELISA STROBEL. [$]
THOMAS, LORENZ was from Germany, age 29, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for LORENZ THOMAS. [$]
VETZ, ALEX was from Germany, age 20, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for ALEX VETZ. [$]
WEGEHER, CHRIST. was from Germany, age 36, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for CHRIST. WEGEHER. [$]
WITTMANN, GEORG was from Germany, age 31, arriving as a steerage passenger .. He was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for GEORG WITTMANN. [$]
WOLFF, MAGDALENA was from Germany, age 32, arriving as a steerage passenger .. She was intending to stay in the U.S.A.
Check the Source file [free] and Archives.com for MAGDALENA WOLFF. [$]